International Journal of Lexicography Advance Access published online on October 8, 2007
International Journal of Lexicography, doi:10.1093/ijl/ecm034
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Innovation and continuity in English learners’ dictionaries: the single-clause when-definition
University of Newcastle (emmius2003{at}yahoo.co.uk)
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Abstract |
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The recent innovative use of single-clause when-definitions for nouns entered in English learners’ dictionaries is shown to be paralleled in the seventeenth-century dictionary of Elisha Coles, a self-styled ‘Teacher of the Tongue to Forreigners’. It is uncertain whether the modern use of non-analytical word explanations for the benefit of learners derives from ‘folk-definition’, but in Coles the origin is clear. Most of the when-definitions in his compact octavo dictionary are truncated versions of more expansive and grammatically explicit entries taken from his main source-book, the dictionary of Edward Phillips, or from contemporary legal dictionaries and glossaries of nautical terms, dialect, etc. The Coles dictionary abounds in other unorthodox space-saving defining devices and the prime motive may therefore have been concision rather than a desire to help the learner by using ‘easy language’. Continuity of lexicographical tradition in the use of this definition pattern between Coles and the present day merits further investigation.